What is a 12-inch single
1974: Tom Moulton and Jose Rodriguez create the 12-inch single - a hybrid with a wide groove and maximum volume. A 7-inch holds 3 minutes; a 12-inch holds 9 minutes at 4-6 dB louder. Why Italo Disco lived on this format.
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Sign upThe core of Disco Magic - Italo Disco of the 80s: history, formula, artists.
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1974: Tom Moulton and Jose Rodriguez create the 12-inch single - a hybrid with a wide groove and maximum volume. A 7-inch holds 3 minutes; a 12-inch holds 9 minutes at 4-6 dB louder. Why Italo Disco lived on this format.
Autumn 1984: Giacomo Maiolini, 21, founds Time Records in Brescia. With the duo Farina-Crivellente - the label becomes one of the biggest in Italo Disco. Atrium, Albert One, Ken Laszlo. In 1988, the shift to Eurobeat for Japan.
December 1985: Silent Circle release "Touch in the Night" - #15 in Germany, 14 weeks in the chart. A West German trio: Tychsen, Breitung, Behrens. Producers Dietrich and Simons, label Blow Up. Ten tracks, charts and Russian popularity.
24 April 1956: Roberto Turatti is born in Milan. With Miki Chieregato he created Den Harrow - a project named after the Italian "denaro" (money). Stefano Zandri was the face, Tom Hooker the voice. An Italo-disco factory, 1983-1988.
January 1980: Hugh Padgham accidentally opens a talkback mic above Phil Collins's drums. Reverb is chopped by a gate after half a second. Gated reverb - the effect that defined the sound of the 80s. Processing scheme, AMS RMX16 and five imitation mistakes.
1978: the Prophet-5 at $3,950. 1983: the Yamaha DX7 at $1,995 - 200,000 sold. 1988: the Korg M1 at $1,800. In ten years the price dropped threefold while polyphony doubled. Three waves of 80s synthesizers - analog, digital and workstations.
1978: the Roland CR-78 - the first drum machine with a microprocessor. By 1980 two approaches: analog synthesis (TR-808, $1,195) and samples (Linn LM-1, $4,995). How 16 buttons in a row rewrote the rhythm of pop music - in plain words.
1977: Space releases "Magic Fly" - 12 million copies in a year. Space disco was born not on singles but on full-length records. Twelve albums from Space and Cerrone to Koto and Laserdance - a guide to the genre through the LP format.
July 1986: Ivana Spagna with producer Pignagnoli. UK #2 (blocked by The Communards), #1 Germany 5 weeks, #3 France. First Italian woman in UK top-3 with an English-language track - and one of the last Italo-disco UK mainstream hits before house.
October 1984: Bohlen and Anders launch Modern Talking at Hansa Tonstudio. The single flopped in week one; the German #1 came after their January 1985 Musikladen TV spot. 6 weeks at #1, #1 in three neighbouring countries, 8M copies. Chorus secret: Bohlen sang the falsetto, not Anders. In 1987 Moscow's Olimpiysky sold 18,000 tickets in four hours.
May 1980: Steven Greenberg of Minneapolis under the alias Lipps Inc. #1 Billboard for 4 weeks and #1 in 28 countries - a single's world record until 1984. Vocal: Cynthia Johnson (Miss Black Minnesota 1976), Oberheim OB-X, EMS Vocoder 2000, $8,000 budget.
December 1984, Milan: Den Harrow was fronted by Stefano Zandri, but every vocal was tracked by American Tom Hooker on 1.5% royalties. Four years - 12M records, 240 shows a year. Italian TV exposed it in February 1988, two years before Milli Vanilli.
October 1984: the Juno-106 at $1,295 - an affordable 6-voice polysynth with built-in chorus and MIDI. 66,000 units in four years, second best-selling 80s analogue after the DX7. Heard on Madonna's “La Isla Bonita”, Sting's “Russians”, a-ha, Human League. The BBD chorus burns out; in 2024 originals sell for $1,500-2,500.
Summer 1987: 19-year-old Sabrina Salerno from Genoa with producer Cecchetto. #1 Italy, France, Germany, #3 UK, 5M copies. The Grand Hotel Alassio pool video with a “slipped” strap was BBC-banned by day - only fuelling demand.
March 1983, Rome: Paul Mazzolini (Gazebo) with Pierluigi Giombini. #1 Germany for 6 weeks, plus the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland and Japan - 8M copies. UK and US never noticed. Yamaha CP-80, Jupiter-8, LinnDrum; the melody echoes Chopin's Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 - heirs considered suing in 1985.
June 1979, New York: #1 Billboard for 6 weeks, 5M copies. Bernard Edwards plays an E-D fingerstyle riff on a Music Man StingRay through an Ampeg SVT. Sugarhill Gang copied it on “Rapper's Delight” - the first hip-hop hit. Queen paraphrased it on “Another One Bites the Dust”. 1,900+ samples by 2024.
January 1980, San Rafael: 25-year-old Roger Linn ships the first drum machine with digital samples of real drums. $4,995, Intel 8048, 12 voices, 8-bit. Prince owned ten and cut Purple Rain on them. In four years - 525 units sold and the sound of an era; Linn went bankrupt in 1986 and Linn moved to Akai to design the MPC60.
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